52 psychology phenomenons part 1. (16/52)

Because-Justification

1. Studies show that people are more likely to help you or trust you if you used the word "because".

Decision Fatigue

2. Continuous, strenuous decisions will lead to fatigue, which will lead to impairment in judgement and bad decisions.

Contagion Bias

3. Bias is contagious. You will never wear Hitler's wool jacket, will you?

The Problem of Average

4. Average is only representative of a data set if the data set is of a bell shaped distribution.

Ex: If you place 10 billionaires into a room with 90 average Americans, their average income will not be representative.

Motivation Crowding

5. Extrinsic rewards may increase extrinsic motivation, but decrease intrinsic motivation.

Ex: Paying your son to get a higher grade on his math exam is only going to make your son like money more, not math more.

Twaddle Tendency

6. We often twaddle meaningless subjects as a mean to cover our ignorance. In other words, we talk more to cover the fact we know little.

Ex: Youtube search "Hank Johnson Guam Capsize"

Will Roger Phenomenon

7. There are two groups, A and B, where A's average is higher. To increase the average of both groups, move a value between B's and A's average into group B.

Information Bias

8. Information bias is the false belief that more information leads to a better decision. In reality, extraneous or false information is harmful to decision making.

Clustering Illusion

9. We often believe to find a definite pattern in a cluster of information, however, it may all be explained by randomness and probability.

Effort Justification

10. We care more about effortful endeavors or subjects to justify our efforts. We also tend to have more bias in them.

Ex: Which do you care about more: a A+ quiz you studied for 10 hours, or a A+ quiz you studied for 10 minutes? A friend who you knew for 10 years, or someone you met for 10 days?

Law of small numbers

11. There are more fluctuations in small data sets. A data set must contain huge numbers to have statistical significance.

Ex: "75% of the time, this method works!" -A
"How many times you tried it?"-B
"4 times"-A
"..."-B

Expectation

12. We work toward our expectations. Expectations placed upon us can drastically affect our future. This phenomenon is called: "self fulfilling prophecy". There was an experiment showing kids who are expected to succeed in school improve their score more than whose who were not.

Simple Logic

13. "If Mary runs past second place runner, what place is she at currently?"
We tend to think less of seemingly simple problems, which cause us to make unexpected mistakes on them.
By the way, the answer to the question is second place.

Forer Effect

14. Also known as the Barnum effect, is tendency for people to rate a personality description highly accurate to them as it applies to many people.

Ex: "You love to be adored, but you also criticize yourself behind closed doors. You are strong on the outside, but you feel anxious and doubtful at times."

Volunteer's Folly

15. People fail to see the economic values of their actions in events such as volunteering.

Ex: It is a better economic decision for a top lawyer donate his whole day's income to volunteering professionals, than to volunteer for a whole day.

Affect Heuristic

16. Many things affect our emotions without our notice. This is because we do not take long hours of evaluating something before summoning a logical emotion. Our emotions are quick "shortcuts" to decisions.

Ex: Terms such as "nuclear energy" may summon a negative feeling within you in seconds.

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